Some of my favorite examples on the Mac have been Keyboard Maestro, Text Expander, Hazel, and Automator, each of which allows you to create what are essentially mini-programs, without knowing a bit of code. The most recent exciting entry in this category is Workflow, which has been called Automator for iOS, and which has gotten some great reviews.
A great example for a great app. Get Workflow on the App Store (de, us; affiliate links).